A Gothic Grammar

siujan, wv. (187), to sew; Mk. II, 21. [< a lost sb. OE. siowian, seowian, ME. sewe, NE. sew.]

siukan, stv. (173, n. 1), to be sick, be il, be weak.

siuks, adj. (124), sick, il, diseast, weak. [OE. sêoc, ME. sêk, sek, sic, NE. sick.]

siuns (42, n. 3), f. (103), the sense of sight, sight; II. Cor. V, 7. [< saíƕan + suff. -ni-; cp. Brgm., I, § 441.]

siuþ = sijuþ; s. sijau.

skaban, stv. (177, n. 1), to shave. [OE. sceafan, scafan, ME. schave, NE. shave.]

skadus, m. (105), shade, shadow; Mk. IV, 32. [OE. sceadu (follg. a- or wa-stems, but orig. < stem in – u-), f., ME. schadowe, schade, NE. shadow, shade.]

-skadweins (14, n. 1), f. (103, n. 1), a shading, in ga-sk. [< skadwjan + suff. -ei-ni-.]

-skadwjan (14, n. 1), wv. (188), to cast a shade or shadow, in ufar-sk. [< skadus. OE. sceadwian, ME. schadowe, NE. shadow.]

skaidan, rv. (179), to sever, separate, put asunder. [OE. sc(e)âdan, ME. shede, wv., NE. shed, to part, pour, spil.]

-skaidnan, wv. (194), to becum parted, in ga-sk. [< skaidan.]

skalkinôn, wv. (190), to serv, do service; Mt. VI, 24. [< skalks.]

skalks, m. (91), servant; Lu. II, 29. II. Cor. IV, 5. [OE. scealc, m., ME. schalk (= NE. – shal, in marshal < French < G.), OHG. scalch, servant, MHG. schalc, servant, bondman, NHG. schalk, m., wag, rogue.]

skaman, wv. (193), always w. sik, to be ashamed, w. inf.; II. Cor. I, 8. [< *skama, f. (= OE. sceomu, sceamu, ME. schame, NE. shame). OE. sceǫmian (of the Second, orig. Third Class), sceamian, ME. schame, NE. shame.]

-skapjan, stv. (177, n. 2), to shape, make, in ga-sk. [OE. scieppan (< scieppjan; ie < ea < a), scyppan, ME. scheppe, schape, stv., schapie, wv., NE. shape.]

skattja (80), m. (108), muney-changer. [< skatts + suff. -jan-.]

skatts (69, n. 1), m. (91), muney, coin. [OE. sceat(t), scat, m., ME. scat, OHG. scaz, m., coin, muney, MHG. schaz (-tz-), NHG. schatz, m., trezure, sweet-hart.]

skaþjan, stv. (177, n. 2), to do scath, do wrong. [OE. sceððan, sceaðan, str. and wv., to harm, > sceðð, n., sceaða, m., ME. scathe, NE. scath, harm.]

skauda-raips, m. (91; or -raip, n.? 94), shoe-lachet; Mk. I, 7. [Lit. a string for fastening a cuver, < skauda- (cp. MHG. NHG. schôte, f., husk, pod) + -raips = OE. râp, m., ME. rôp, NE. rope.]

skauns, adj. (130, n. 2), beutiful. [Lit. wurth seeing, noticeabl (cp. Brgm., § 95; also us-skaus and the follg. w.), OE. scêone (for *scêane) > scîene, scêne, ME. schene, adj., NE. sheen, adj. (beutiful, fair; poet.) and sb.]

-skawjan (42, n. 2), wv. (188), to behold, see, in us-sk. [< -skaus; s. us-skaus.]

skeinan, stv. (172, n. 1), to shine; II. Cor. IV, 6. – Cpd. bi-sk. [OE. scînan, ME. schine, NE. shine.]

skeireins, f. (103), a making clear, explanation, interpretation. [< skeirjan + suff. -ei-ni-.]

-skeirjan, wv. (188), to make clear, in ga-sk. [< skeirs.]

skeirs (78, n. 2), adj. (129, n. 1), clear, evident, plain. [< √ of skein-an. OE. scîr, ME. shire, bright, clear, pure; cp. ON. skærr, sheer, bright, > ME. schere, NE. sheer.]

skêwjan, wv. (188), to go, walk; Mk. II, 23. [Cf. ON. skæva, to go, stride along.]

skip, n. (94), ship, boat; Mk. I, 19. 20. III, 9. IV, 1. 36. 37. V, 2. 18. 21. [OE. scip, n., ME. schip, NE. ship.]

-skiuban (56, n. 1), stv. (173, n. 1), to shuv, push, in af-sk. [OE. scûfan (irreg. only in the pres., but later also scêofan), ME. shuve, (NE. shuv < ME. (schowwyn =) schove, OE. scofian, to shuv), OHG. scioban, MHG. schieben, NHG. schieben, to shuv.]

skôhs, m. (91?), shoe; Mk. I, 7. [OE. sceôh, scôh, m., ME. shô, NE. shoe.]

-skreitan, stv. (172, n. 1), to shred, tear, rend (tr.), in dis-sk. [OS. scrîtan, to tear. Cp. Swiss schrîssen, to pull, tear.]

-skritnan, wv. (194), to rend (intr.), in dis-sk. [< -skreitan.]

skuggwa (68), m. (108), mirror. [< √ of skaus, which is containd also in OE. scûwa, m., shade, and in OHG. scûchar, mirror.]

skula, m. adj. (132), gilty; sb. (108), detter; Mt. VI, 12; sk. wisan w. acc. of th.: þatei skulans sijaima, that for which we ow, our dets; Mt. VI, 12; the crime being indicated by the gen.: to be gilty of, be in danger of; Mk. III, 29; the punishment being indicated by the dat.; Mt. V, 21. 22; or in w. acc.; Mt. V, 22. [< skulan. OE. (ge-)scola, OHG. scolo, MHG. schol, ge-schol, m., detter.]

skulan, prt. – prs. (200), (1) w. inf., to be about to be, to be one's duty, to be obliged, ow, shal, must; Lu. II, 49. II. Cor. II, 3. V, 10. (2) skuld ist, it behoovs, it is lawful; Mk. II, 24. III, 4. 26. [OE. sculan, prs. indic. sceal, prt. sceolde, ME. schal, prt. scholde, schulde, NE. shal, should.]

skûra (15), f. (97), shower; sk. windis, storm of wind; Mk. IV, 37. [Cf. OE. scûr, m., ME. shur, schowre, NE. shower.]

slahan, stv. (177, n. 1), to strike, beat, smite. [OE. slêan < *slahǫn < *slahan, to strike, slay, ME. slê (= slæ̂), NE. slay.]

slahs, m. (101), stroke, stripe; plague; Mk. V, 29. 34. [< slahan. OE. slege, m., ME. sleᵹe, blow; OHG. slag (a-stem; in comp. also i-stem: slegi-), MHG. slac (-g-), NHG. schlag, m., blow, stroke.]

-slauþjan, wv. (188), to cause to slide, in af-s.

-slauþnan, wv. (194), in af-s. [Correlativ to -slauþjan.]

slawan, wv. (193), to be silent, hold one's peace. – Cpd. ga-s.

slêpan (78, n. 3), rv. (179), to sleep, fall asleep, be asleep; Mk. IV, 27. V, 39; w. ana w. dat.; Mk. IV, 38. [OE. slæ̂pan (st. and wv.), ME. slepe (st. and wv.), NE. sleep (wv.), OHG. slâfan, MHG. slâfen, NHG. schlafen, stv., to sleep.]

slêps, m. (91, n. 2), sleep. [< slêpan. OE. slæ̂p, m., ME. slep(e), NE. sleep.]

-slindan, stv. (174, n. 1), to devour, in fra-s. [OHG. (far) – slintan, MHG. ver-slinden, NHG. verschlingen (ng for nd by influence of schlingen, to wind, twist), to devour.]

sliupan, stv. (173, n. 1), to slip. [OE. slûpan (for *slêopan; cp. -skiuban), ME. (æt) – slupe, OHG. sliofan, MHG. sliefen, NHG. schliefen, to slip. Cp. also E. slip.]

smakka (58, n. 1), m. (108), fig. [A foren word. Cp. Old Bulgarian smoky, fig.]

smals, adj. (124), small, litl. [OE. smæl, ME. smal, NE. small.]

-smeitan, stv. (172, n. 1), in ga-s. [OE. smîtan, to strike, be-s., to soil, pollute, ME. smite, to strike, be-s., to soil, pollute, NE. smite.]

snaga, m. (108), garment; Mk. II, 21.

snaiws, m. (91, n. 1), snow. [OE. snâ(w), m., ME. snow, NE. snow.]

sneiþan, stv. (172, n. 1), to cut, reap; Mt. VI, 26. [OE. snîðan, ME. sniðe, OHG. snîdan, MHG. snîden, NHG. schneiden, to cut.]

sniumjan, wv. (188), to hasten, make haste; Lu. II, 16. [< an adj. = OHG. sniumi, quick, fast (sniumo, adv., = OE. snêome, snîome, adv., quickly, immediately), < √ of sniwan.]

sniumundôs, compar. adv. (212, n. 2), more quickly. [< sniumundô, adv., quickly, (< adj. stem sniumunda- + adv. suff. -ô) + compar. suff. -is, < sniumun- (+ suff. -da-) < √ of sniwan + suff. -mun-.]

sniwan, stv. (176, n. 2), to hasten, go. [Cf. ON. snúa, stv., to turn; and OE. sneowan, wv., to hasten.]

snutrs, adj. (124), wise. [< stem snut- + suff. -ra-. OE. snot(t)or, snoter, ME. snoter, adj., wise, prudent.]

sôh, f. of sah.

sôkjan (35), wv. (186), to seek, seek for, ask for, desire, long for, (1) w. acc.; Mt. VI, 32. Mk. I, 37. III, 32. Lu. II, 44. 45. 48. 49. IV, 42. (2) w. miþ w. dat., to question with; Mk. I, 27. [OE. sêkan, ME. seke, (bi)seche, NE. seek, beseech. Cp. sakan.]

sôkns (35), f. (103), serch, inquiry, question. [< √ of sôkjan + suff. -ni-. OE. sôcen (w. suff. – na-), f., ME. soken, a seeking, inquiry.]

spaíkulâtur (5, a; 24, n. 2), m., spy, executioner. [< Lt. speculator, spy.]

sparwa, m. (108), sparrow. [OE. spearwa, ME. spar(o)we, NE. sparrow.]

spaúrds, f. (116), stadium, furlong, race-course. [OHG. spurt, f. (?), a stadium.]

spêdumists, superl. adj. (139, n. 1), the last. [< stem *spêduma(n) - (< spêþs + suff. -u-ma-n-) + suff. -ista; spêþs = OHG. spâti, MHG. spæ̂te, NHG. spät, adj., late.]

speiwan, stv. (172, n. 1), to spit. [OE. spîwan, ME. spiwe, OHG. spîwan, spîan, MHG. spîen, NHG. speien, to spit. Cp. also OE. spiwian, speowan, ME. spewe, NE. spew.]

spilda, f. (97), (writing-) tablet; II. Cor. III, 3. [Cf. OE. speld, n., ME. speld, splinter, chip.]

spillôn, wv. (189), to tel a tale, tel, narrate; Mk. V, 16; to bring (good) tidings; Lu. II, 10. [< spill (= OE. spell, n., a saying, narrativ, story, ME. spell, speech, preaching, NE. spel, an incantation). OE. spellian, ME. spelle, NE. spel.]

spinnan, stv. (174, n. 1), to spin; Mt. VI, 28. [OE. spinnan, ME. spynne, NE. spin.]

sprautô, adv. (211, n. 1), quickly, soon; Mt. V, 25.

stafs (56, n. 1), m. (101), element, rudiment. [OE. stæf, m., ME. staf, twig, staff, letter, NE. staff.]

staiga, f. (97), path, way, highway; Mk. I, 3. [< steigan. OHG. steiga, MHG. steige, f., an ascending road, NHG. steige, f., stile, staircase.]

stainahs, adj. (124), stony; Mk. IV, 5. 16. [< stains + suff. -ha (:ga). OHG. steinag, – ac, MHG. steinec (-g-), NHG. steinig, adj., stony.]

staineins, adj. (124), of stone, stony; II. Cor. III, 3. [< stains + suff. -eina-. OE. stæ̂nen, ME. stenen, OHG. steinîn, MHG. steinen, NHG. steinen (uzually steinern, w. dubl suff. – er-n), of stone.]

stains, m. (91), stone, rock; Mk. V, 5. II. Cor. III, 7. – Also uzed as a pr. n., Peter; Skeir. VII, a. [OE. stân, m., ME. stôn, NE. stone.]

staírnô, f. (112), star. [OE. steorra (rr < rn), m., ME. sterre, NE. star, OHG. sterno, sterro, MHG. sterne, sterre, also stern, a-stem, m., NHG. stern, m., star.]

-staldan, rv. (179), in ga-st.

standan, stv. (177, n. 3), to stand, stand firm; Mk. III, 24. 25; w. in w. dat.; Mt. VI, 5; w. ûta; Mk. III, 31. – Cpds. af-, and-, at-, ga-, twis-, us-st. [A nasalized form < √ stat extended < sta. OE. stǫndan, standan, ME. stande, NE. stand. The orig. √ is seen in OHG. MHG. stân, stên, NHG. stehen, stv., to stand; and in staþs.]

staþs, gen. stadis (74 and notes), m. (101), sted, place; Mk. I, 35. 45. II. Cor. II, 14. Skeir. VII, b; an inn; Lu. II, 7; —jainis stadis (215), unto the other side (of the lake); Mk. IV, 35. [< √ of standan + suff. -þi-. OE. stede, m., ME. stede, NE. sted (insted = in sted).]

*staþs, gen. staþis, m. (? 91, n. 2), shore, land; Mk. IV, 1. [< √ of standan + suff. -þa- or -þi- (?). OE. stæð, n., bank, shore, ME. staðe, NE. staith.]

staua (26), f. (97), judgment; Mt. V, 21. 22. [< √ stâw: stôw; cp. stôjan.]

staua (26), m. (108), judge; Mt. V, 25. [< staua, f., + suff. -an-.]

staua-stôls, m. (91), judgment-seat; II. Cor. V, 10.

-staúrran, wv. (193), in and-st. [< a lost adj. (cp. OE. styrne, = Goth. *staúr-ni-, ME. sterne, NE. stern). OHG. storrên, MHG. storren, to be rigid, stand forth stif.]

stautan, rv. (179, n. 1), w. acc. and bi w. acc., to strike, smite; Mt. V, 39. [OHG. stôȥan, MHG. stôȥen, NHG. stossen, to thrust, push.]

steigan, stv. (172, n. 1), to mount, climb up. – Cpds. ufar-, us-st. [OE. stîgan, ME. stie, styᵹe, NE. sty, to mount, ascend.]

stibna, f. (97), voice; Mk. I, 3. 11. 26. V, 7. [OE. stefn, f., ME. steven, voice, NE. steven (obs.), an outcry.]

-stiggan, stv. (174, n. 1), to sting, in us-st. [OE. stingan, ME. stinge, NE. sting.]

stigqan (gg; 67, n. 1), stv. (174, n. 1), to thrust, strike. [ON. stökkva (for *stekkva), to jump, leap.]

stilan, stv. (175, n. 1), to steal; Mt. VI, 20. [OE. stelan, ME. stele, NE. steal.]

stiur (78, n. 2), m. (91, n. 4), steer, calf. [OE. stêor, m., ME. stêr, NE. steer.]

stiwiti, n. (95), endurance, patience; II. Cor. I, 6.

-stôdjan, wv. (188), only in the cpds. ana-, du-st. [< √ of standan.]

stôjan (26), wv. (186, n. 2), to judge, in ga-st. [< staua (cp. Brgm., I, § 179). OHG. stôwan, stouwan (prt. stôwida), MHG. stouwen, to scold, accuse.]

stôls, m. (91), stool, seat, throne; Mt. V, 34. [< √ of standan + suff. -la. OE. stôl, m., ME. stôl, NE. stool.]

straujan (42), wv. (187), to strew, spred. [< a sb. = OE. strêa(w), North. strê, n., ME. strâ(we), NE. straw. OE. strêge, strêawian, ME. streᵹe, strewe, NE. strew.]

striks, m. (91 or 100?), stroke, title; Mt. V, 18. [< √ of *streikan (= OE. strîcan, to move, go, ME. strike, NE. strike). OHG. strih, MHG. NHG. strich, m., stroke, line.]

stubjus, m. (105), dust. [OHG. stuppe, MHG. (ge)stüppe, (ge)stuppe, NHG. gestüpp, n., dust.]

-suljan, wv. (188), in ga-s. [< √ of OE. syll, f., ME. sille, NE. sil; and of Goth. suljô (prob. not < Lt. solea).]

suman, adv. (214, n. 1), onse, in times past. [< stem of sums.]

sums, indef. prn. (162), (1) alone, sum one, pl. sum; II. Cor. III, 1. (2) adj., certain, sum. (3) w. partit. gen., certain, sum; Mk. II, 6. V, 25. —sums..sums-uþ þan, the one … the other; II. Cor. II, 16; sum raíhtis..anþaruþ-þan..jah sum, sum … other … and sum; Mk. IV, 4-8. —bi-sumata, in part; II. Cor. I, 14. II, 5. [OE. ME. sum, NE. sum.]

sundrô, adv., asunder, alone, privately; Mk. IV, 10. 34. [Cf. OE. sundor, ME. sunder, adv., especially, apart, OHG. suntar, MHG. sunder, adv., separately, especially; conj., but, rather; prep., without, NHG. sonder, prep., without.]

sunja, f. (97, n. 1), truth; Mk. V, 33. II. Cor. IV, 2; acc. sg. is uzed adverbially (215). [< sunjis.]

sunjaba, adv. (210), truly, verily. [< sunjis + suff. -ba.]

Sunjai-friþas (88a, n. 2), pr. n.

sunjis, adj. (126), tru. [stem sunja- for *sundja-< *sund- (< √ of im, sijau; s. wisan) = OE. sôð (for sǫnð), ME. sôth, NE. sooth.]

sunjôn, wv. (190), to verify, excuse. [< sunja.]

sunnô, f. (112), n. (? 110, n. 2), sun; Mt. V, 45. Mk. IV, 6. [OE. sunne, f., ME. sunne, NE. sun.]

suns, adv., soon, at onse, suddenly, immediately; Mk. I, 10. 12. 18. 20. 21. 28-31. 42. 43. II, 2. 8. 12. IV, 5. 15. 16. 29. V, 2. 13. 42. [Prop. compar. adv., < *sunis (cp. mins) < stem suna- + adv. compar. suffix -is. Cf. OE. sǫ̂na, ME. sone, NE. soon.]

suns-aiw, adv., soon, immediately, straightway; Mk. III, 6. V, 29. 30. 36.

suns-ei, conj. (218), as soon as, when.

sunus, m. (104), sun; Mt. V, 45. Mk. I, 1. 11. II, 10. 19. 28. III, 11. 17. 28. V, 7. Lu. II, 7. II. Cor. I, 19. [OE. sunu, m., ME. sune, sone, NE. sun.]

suts (15, n. 1), adj. (130), sweet, suitabl, patient. [OE. swête (jo-stem), ME. swete, NE. sweet.]

swa, adv., so, (1) alone; Mt. V, 19. VI, 9. 30. Mk. II, 7. 8. 12. IV, 40. Lu. II, 48. (2) correlativ: swaswê..swa jah, as … so also; II. Cor. I, 5; swa..swaswê, so … as; Mk. IV, 26. (3) w. an adj. or adv.; Skeir. VII, a. b. c. (4) swa swê, w. an adj. or adv. between them: swa filu swê, as much as; Skeir. VII, c; swa lagga ƕeila swê, as long as; Mk. II, 19; swa managai swê, as many as; Mk. III, 10; swa managôs swê, Mk. III, 28. [OE. swâ, ME. swa, swo, so, NE. so.]

swa-ei, conj. (218), so that, that, therefore, (1) w. prs. indic.; Mk. II, 28. (2) w. prt. indic.; Mk. I, 27. Skeir. VII, c. (3) w. prt. opt.; II. Cor. III, 7. (4) w. acc. and inf.; II. Cor. II, 7. —wherefore, therefore; II. Cor. IV, 12. V, 16. 17.

-swaggwjan, wv. (188), to cause to swing, in af-sw. [Caus. of *swiggwan (= OE. swingan, ME. swinge, NE. swing). OE. swengan, ME. swenge, NE. swinge (for *swenge, as singe for *senge).]

swaíhra, m. (108), father-in-law. [Cf. OE. swêor (< sweohor < *swehur, a-stem), m., father-in-law, OHG. swehur, m., father-in-law, later also brother-in-law, MHG. sweher, NHG. schwäher, m., father-in-law.]

swaíhrô, f. (112), mother-in-law; Mk. I, 30. [Extended < stem *swaíhrô-. Cf. OE. sweger, f., OHG. swigar, MHG. swiger, NHG. schwieger (rare; uzually schwiegermutter), f., mother-in-law.]

-swaírban, stv. (174, n. 1), to wipe, in bi-sw. [OE. sweorfan, to rub, file, polish, ME. swerve, NE. swerv, to turn aside.]

swa-lauþs, adj. (161), so great, so much, such. [For -lauþs, s. sama-lauþs.]

swa-leiks, adj. (161), (1) alone; so w. the art., such a one; II. Cor. II, 6. 7. (2) w. a sb., without the art., such; Mk. IV, 33. II. Cor. I, 10. III, 4. [OE. swelc, swilc, < swâ-lîc, ME. swiche, swuch, NE. such.]

swamms (swams; 48; 80, n. 1), m. (91), spunge. [OE. swam, m., fungus, OHG. MHG. swam (mm), NHG. schwamm, m., spunge, fungus.]

swaran, stv. (177, n. 1), to swear, w. bi w. dat.; Mt. V, 34. 35. 36. – Cpds. bi-, ufar-s. [OE. swerian (the i, = j, occurs in the prs. tense only; prt. swore, pp. sworen), ME. swere, NE. swear.]

swarê, adv., without a cause, in vain; Mt. V, 22.

swartis (in A) or swartizl (in B), n. (? 94), that which is black, ink; II. Cor. III, 3. [< swarts + suff. -iz- (-zla- = NHG. – sal, – sel).]

swarts, adj. (124), black; Mt. V, 36. [OE. sweart, ME. NE. swart.]

swa-swê, (1) adv., as, just as, as it wer, in like manner as, like, (a) uzed alone; Mt. V, 48. VI, 2. 5. 7. 12. 16. Mk. I, 22. II. Cor. II, 17. III, 5. Mk. I, 22. IV, 33. Lu. II, 20. 23. II. Cor. I, 5. 14. II, 17. III, 5. 13. 18. IV, 1; swaswê jah, even as, as also; II. Cor. I, 14; swaswê qiþan ist, as (= according to that which) is said; Lu. II, 24; (b) correlativ: swaswê..jah, as … (so) also; II. Cor. I, 7. (2) conj. (218), so that, insomuch that, (a) w. prt. ind.; Mk. I, 45. II, 2. 12. III, 10. 20. IV, 32. 37; (b) w. prt. opt.; II. Cor. I, 8; (c) w. acc. and inf.; Mk. IV, 1.

swê, (1) adv., (a) in comparison, as, just as, like; Mt. VI, 29. Mk. I, 2. 10. 22. IV, 27. 31. II. Cor. II, 17. III, 1. V, 20. Skeir. VII, b; —analeikô swê, in like manner; Skeir. VII, a; swê..jah; Mt. VI, 10; (b) before numerals, about; Mk. V, 13. (2) conj. (218; temporal), as, when; Mk. IV, 36.

swêgnjan, wv. (188), to rejoice, triumf. [< a lost adj. or sb. *swêgna- < sweg- (cf. OE. swôgan, to sound, rustl; swêg, m., sound) + suff. -na-.]

sweiban (56, n. 1), stv. (172, n. 1), to cease. [Cf. OHG. (gi) – swiftôn, to be stil, be quiet; MHG. swiften (= OHG. *swiftjan), to silence, appease, stil; NHG. be-schwichtigen (prop. Low G., w. ch for f), to silence, appease, stil.]