A Gothic Grammar

þaúrfts (56, n. 4), f. (103), need, necessity. [< þaúrban + suff. -ti-. OHG. MHG. durft, f., NHG. – durft (in composition), f., need, want.]

þaúrnus, m. (105), thorn; Mk. IV, 7. 18. [OE. ðorn, m., ME. þorn, NE. thorn.]

þaúrp, n. (94, n. 2), field. [OE. ðorp, n., village, ME. þorp, NE. thorp, a small village, now chiefly uzed in names of places (-thorp, also – throp).]

-þaúrsnan (32), wv. (194), to dry, wither, in ga-þ. [< þaúrsus. ON. þorna, to wither.]

þaúrstei (32), f. (113), thirst. [< *þaúrst, adj., thirsty, + suff. -ein-, < √ of -þaírsan, þaúrsus, -þaúrsnan, + suff. -ta-. Cf. OE. ðurst (w. orig. tu-suff.), ðyrst (w. suff. – ti-), m., ME. þurst, NE. thirst.]

þaúrsus (32), adj. (131), dry, witherd. [< √ of -þaírsan (pp. -þaúrsans). OE. ðyr, OHG. durri (ja-stem), MHG. durre, NHG. dürr, adj., dry, witherd.]

þê, instr. of þata. [Cf. the OE. instr. ðŷ, North. ðy, ðê, ME. ði, þê, NE. the in 'the more'.]

þê-ei, conj. (157, n. 1; 218), that, for the reason that, always w. ni, not that; II. Cor. II, 4.

þei, (1) rel. prn. (= þatei; 157, n. 2); so after þataƕah, þisƕaduh, þisƕah, þisƕaruh, þisƕazuh (164, n. 1). (2) conj., that; in order that; Mt. VI, 26. [< *þa (a by-form of þata) + -ei.]

þeihan, stv. (172, n. 1), to thrive, profit, increase, advance, w. (loc.) dat.; Lu. II, 52. [OE. (ge)ðêon (for *ðîon, contr. < *ðîhǫn), ME. þee, NE. thee (Spenser), to thrive, prosper.]

þeiƕô, f. (112), thunder; Mk. III, 17.

þeina, gen. sg. of þu.

þeins, poss. prn. (151); f. þeina; n. þein, þeinata, thy, thine, (1) alone (predicativ); Mt. VI, 13. Mk. V, 19. (2) w. a prec. sb., (a) without the art.; Mt. V, 23. 29. 30. 33. 36. 40. 43. VI, 3. 4. 6. 10. 17. 18. 22. 23. Mk. I, 44. II, 5. 9. 11. 24. III, 32. V, 19. 34. 35. Lu. II, 29. 30. 32; ƕa namô þein, what (is) thy name?; Mk. V, 9; (b) w. art.; sa..þeins; Mt. V, 24. VI, 4. Mk. II, 9. 11. III, 5. V, 34. Lu. II, 48. (3) w. a follg. sb., (a) without art.; Lu. II, 35; (b) w. art.; Mk. II, 18; (c) between adj. and sb.; Mt, V, 30. 39. [< þeina. OE. ðîn, ME. þin, þi, NE. thine, thy.]

-þinsan, stv. (174, n. 1), to draw, in at-þ. [OHG. dinsan, MHG. dinsen, to draw, pul, expand, NHG. *dinsen, pp. gedunsen (uzed as adj.), bloated, puft up.]

þis, gen. sg. m. n. of sa, þata.

þis-ƕaduh, adv. (164, n. 2); w. þadei or þei, withersoever, wheresoever. [< þis (here adv.), < stem of þata, + ƕaduh < ƕaþ (-d-) + -uh.]

þis-ƕammêh, dat. s. m. n. of þisƕazuh.

þis-ƕaruh, adv. (164, n. 2); w. þei, wheresoever. [< þis (s. þisƕaduh) + ƕaruh < ƕar + uh.]

þis-ƕazuh, prn. (164, n. 1) m.; þisƕah, n. (164, n. 1); folld. by the rel. ei, þei, or saei; uzually w. opt.: þ. ei, whoever; þ. þei, whosoever, n. whatsoever; þ. saei, whosoever, whatsoever; Mk. IV, 25. [< þis (s. þisƕaduh) + ƕazuh.]

þiubjô, adv. (211), secretly, in secret. [< stem þiubja-, secret; cp. þiufs.]

þiubs, s. þiufs.

þiuda, f. (97), peple, nation; in pl. (uzually) 'the Gentiles'; Mt. VI, 32. Lu. II, 32; þai þiudô, those of the heathen; Mt. V, 46. VI, 7. [OE. ðêod, ðiod, f., ME. þede, peple, population, OHG. diot(a), MHG. diet, peple, NHG. *diet; cp. Diedrich, pr. n.]

þiudan-gardi (88a, n. 1), f. (98), kingdom; Mt. V, 19. 20. VI, 13. Mk. I, 14. 15. III, 24. IV, 11. 26. 30. [-gardi < gards.]

þiudanôn, wv. (190), to be king, to rule, reign. [< þiudans.]

þiudans, m. (91), king; Mt. V, 35. [< þiuda + suff. -ana-, OE. ðêoden, m., king.]

þiudinassus, m. (105), kingdom; Mt. VI, 10. [< þiudanôn (-in-) for -an- by influence of the sbs. in -in-assus w. regular -in-, formd < vs. in -in-ôn the -in- of which refers to the weakend suff. of stems in -an (cp. fraujinassus) < fraujinôn < frauj-in-, weakend stem of frauja.]

þiufs, þiubs (56, n. 1), m. (91), thief; Mt. VI, 19. 20. [OE. ðêof, m., ME. þêf, NE. thief.]

þiu-magus (88a, n. 1), servant.

*þius, m. (91, n. 3), servant. [OE. ðêo (contr. < *ðe-u, for *ðew < ðewo-, gen. ðeowes, contr. < ðe-uwes, the u having developt itself before the w; hense also nom.) ðêow, m., ME. þeow, servant, OHG. deo, m., servant, cpd. deo-muoti, MHG. demuot, NHG. demut, f., humility, humblness.]

þiuþ, n. (94), good, in pl. good things; II. Cor. V, 10; þ. taujan, to do good; Mk. III, 4.

þiuþi-qiss (88a, n. 2), f., blessing.

þiuþjan, wv. (187), to bless, (1) w. acc.; Mt. V, 44. Lu. II, 34. (2) w. dat.; Lu. II, 28; – pp. þiuþiþs, blest; II. Cor. I, 3. – Cpd. ga-þ. [< þiuþ.]

þiwi, f. (98, n. 1), maid-servant, hand-maid. [< stem of þius + suff. -jô-.] [OE. ME. ðêowe, f., female servant, maid.]

þizai, þizai-ei, dat. sg. f. of sa, saei.

þizê, þizê-ei, gen. pl. m. n. of sa, sa-ei.

þiz-ei, gen. sg. m. n. of sa-ei; s. also in (1).

þizô, þizôs, gen. pl. and sg. f. of sa.

þiz-uh, gen. sg. m. n. of sa-h.

-þláihan, rv. (179, n. 1), to cherish, fondl, in ga-þl. [Cf. OHG. flêhan, flêhôn (fl < þl), to caress, flatter, entreat, MHG. vlêhen, to entreat, NHG. flehen, to beseech, entreat. Root flaih is also seen in OE. flâh, adj., deceitful, crafty.]

þlaqus, adj. (131), soft, tender.

þliuhan, stv. (173, n. 1), to flee. – Cpd. ga-þl. [OE. flêon (contr. < *flêohan; fl < þl; cp. þláihan), ME. flee, NE. flee.]

þô, þô-ei, acc. s. f. and nom. acc. pl. n. of sa, sa-ei.

þôs, þôz-ei, nom. acc. pl. f. of sa, sa-ei.

Þômas, pr. n., Thomas; acc. -an; Mk. III, 18. [< Θωμᾶς.]

þrafstjan, wv. (188), to console, cumfort. – Cpd. ga-þr.

þragjan, wv. (188), to run. [OE. ðrægan, to run, race.]

þraíheina, prt. of þreihan.

þramstei, f. (113), locust; Mk. I, 6.

þreihan, stv. (172, n. 1), to throng, crowd round, press upon, afflict; Mk. III, 9. V, 24. 31. II. Cor. I, 6; pp. þraíhans, trubld; II. Cor. IV, 8. [< *þrinhan. OE. ðringan, ME. þringe, OHG. dringan, MHG. NHG. dringen, to urge, press.]

þreis, card. num. (140), three; Lu. II, 46. [OE. ðrî, m., ðrêo, f. n., ME. þrê, NE. three.]

þridja, ord. num. (146; 149, n. 1), third. [< (þri-, the short form of the stem of þreis) + -dja. OE. ðridda, North. ðirda, ME. þridde, thyrde, NE. third.]

þriskan, stv. (174, n. 1), to thresh. [OE. ðerscan (for *ðrescan), ME. þreshe, NE. thresh.]

-þriutan, stv. (173, n. 1), to urge, trubl, in us-þr. [OE. â-ðrêotan (â = us), to be weary, OHG. bi-, ir-drioȥan, MHG. be-, er-, beside ver- (= Goth. faír-), drieȥen, to excite disgust or weariness, NHG. ver-driessen, to griev, vex. The √ of OE. ðrêat (prt., = Goth. *þraut) occurs also in OE. ðrêat, m., ME. þrete, NE. thret.]

þruts-fill (15, n. 1; 88a, n. 3), n. (94), leprosy; Mk. I, 42; þr. habands (for λεπρός), leper, lit. (one) having leprosy; Mk. I, 40. [< þruts, prob. < √ of -þriutan. Cf. OE. ðrûstfell; also ON. þrútinn, swoln.]

þu, pers. prn. 2nd pers. (150), thou, uzed alone or w. vs., for emfasis, (1) sg., (a) nom. þu; Mt. VI, 6. 17. Mk. I, 11. 24. III, 11; w. a prec. voc.; Mt. VI, 9; (b) gen. þeina (or, tho for σοῦ, poss. prn.; s. note); Mt. VI, 13; (c) dat. þus; Mt. V, 26. 29. 30. 40. 42. VI, 2. 4. 6. 18. 23. Mk. I, 2. 24. II, 5. 9. 11. V, 7. 19. 41; (d) acc. þuk; Mt. V, 23. 25. 29. 30. 39. 41. 42. VI, 3. Mk. I, 24. 37. 44. III, 32. IV, 38. V, 7. 19. 31. 34. Lu. II, 48. (2) dual, (a) nom. (wanting); (b) gen. iggkara (wanting in our 'Selections'); (c) dat. igqis, iggkis (wanting in our 'Selections'); (d) acc. igqis; Mk. I, 17. (3) pl., (a) nom. jus, ye, you; Mt. V, 48. VI, 8. 9. 26. II. Cor. I, 14. III, 2; (b) gen. izwara; Mt. VI, 27. II. Cor. I, 23. II, 3. 10. IV, 15; (c) dat. izwis; Mt. V, 18. 20. 22. 28. 32. 34. 39. 44. VI, 2. 5. 14. 16. 19. 20. 25. 29. Mk. III, 28. IV, 11. 24. Lu. II, 10. 11. 12. II. Cor. I, 2. 11. 12. 13. 15. 16. 18. 19. 21. II, 1. 3. 4. III, 1. IV, 12. 14. V, 12. 13; (d) acc. izwis; Mt. V, 44. 46. VI, 30. Mk. I, 8. II. Cor. I, 6. 8. 16. II, 2. 5. 7. 8. [OE. ðû, gen. ðîn, dat. ðê, acc. ðec, ðê (prop. dat.); ME. þou, þu, gen. þin, dat. acc. þe, the; NE. thou, dat. acc. thee. – For du. and pl., s. igqara and jus.]

þugkjan, anv. (209), (1) impers.: þugkeiþ mis, 'methinks', I think; so w. ei, that; Mt. VI, 7. (2) pers. (not in our 'Selections'): to think, suppose, intend, seem. [OE. ðyncan (< *ðuncjan), prt. ðûhte (< *ðunhte, pp. ðûht); mê ðynceð, it seems to me, ME. þunche, þinche, ðinche; me ðincð, NE. methinks (cp. þagkjan).]

-þûhts (15, b), adj., thinking; s. háuh-, mikil-þûhts. [Prop. pp. of þugkjan.]

þûhtus (15, b), m. (105), thought, wisdom. [< *þunhtus < √ of þugkjan + suff. -tu-.]

þuk; s. þu.

þulains, f. (103, n. 1), sufferance, patience, suffering; II. Cor. I, 5. 6. 7. [< þulan + suff. -ai-ni-.]

þulan, wv. (193), to tolerate, suffer, bear. – Cpd. ga-þ. [OE. (ge)ðolian (transferd to the Second Weak Conjug.), ME. (i)ðole, to suffer, endure. Cp. the verbal abstr.: OHG. gedult (w. t-suff.), MHG. (ge)dult (-d-), NHG. geduld, f., patience.]

þus; s. þu.

þûsundi (15), card. num. (145), a thousand, uzually f. sb. (98); Mk. V, 13. Skeir. VII, b. [OE. ðûsend, n., ME. þusend, NE. thousand.]

þûsundi-faþs (88a), m. (101), leader of a thousand, captain, high captain.

þuz-ei, dat. of þu-ei (158).

þwahan, stv. (177, n. 1), to wash, w. acc.; Mt. VI, 17; to wash one's self. [OE. ðwêan (contr. < *ðwaǫn, for ðwahǫn), OHG. dwahan, MHG. twahen, zwahen, zwagen, NHG. (dial.) zwagen, to wash (cp. zwehle, w. l-suff., f., towel).]

-þwastjan, wv. (188), to secure, in ga-þw.

-u, an enclitic uzed in asking a question (216 and n. 1), (I) in simpl questions, (1) dir., (a) attacht to a v.: skuldu (ptc.) ist, is it lawful?; Mk. III, 4; (b) to a prn.; (c) to an adv. (2) indir., w. opt., affixt to a v.; II. Cor. II, 9. (II) in disjunctiv questions, both dir. and indir.; —abu (= af + u) þus silbin þu þata qiþis, sayest thou this (thing) of thyself?; Jo. XVIII, 34. – After the pref. ga-: ga-u-laubjats, believ ye?; Mt. IX, 28; ga-u-ƕa-sêƕi, if he saw aught; Mk. VIII, 23. – Cp. niu.

Ubadamirus (40, n. 1), pr. n.

Ubadila (40, n. 1), pr. n.

ubilaba, adj. (210), evilly, il; u. haban, to be il, be sick; Mk. II, 17. [< ubils + suff. -ba-.]

ubils, adj. (124; 138), evil, il, bad, useless; Mt. V, 45. – The n. ubil is often uzed as sb.; so also þata ubilô, the evil, an evil thing; Mt. V, 37. VI, 13; ubil haban, to be il, be sick; Mk. I, 32. 34. [OE. yfel, ME. yfel, ivel, evel, NE. evil.]

ubil-tôjis, adj. (126), evil-doing, mischievous.

ub-uh, i. e. uf-uh.

uf (56, n. 2), prep. (217), (1) w. dat., (a) local, under, beneath; Mk. IV, 32; (b) temporal, in the time of; Mk. II, 26. (2) w. acc., local, under; Mk. IV, 21. – Occurs also in numerous cpds. [Cf. OE. ufe- (in ufeweard, higher), OHG. oba, MHG. obe, ob, NHG. ob, prep. (rare), over, ob-, prefix in cpds., over.]

uf-aiþeis (56, n. 2), adj. (130, n. 2), under an oath.

ufar, prep. (217), (1) w. dat., local, over, abuv, beyond; u. himinam, 'over (the) hevens', hevenly; Mt. VI, 14. 26. 32. (2) w. acc., trop., abuv; II. Cor. I, 8. Skeir. VII, b; u. filu wisan, to be 'over much', to abound; II. Cor. I, 5. – Occurs also in numerous cpds. [< uf + compar. suff. -ar. OE. ofer, ME. ofer, over, NE. over.]

ufarassjan, wv. (188), to cause to abound, increase excessivly, w. acc.; II. Cor. IV, 15. [< ufarassus.]

ufarassus, m. (105), overflow, abundance, excellency; II. Cor. IV, 7. 17. u. wulþaus, abundance of glory, glory that excels; II. Cor. III, 10. – The dat. ufarassau is uzed adverbially: abundantly; II. Cor. I, 8. 12. II, 4. —ufarassus wisan w. gen. and in w. dat., to abound in (the gen. becuming the subj. in E.); II. Cor. I, 5. [< ufar + suff. -assu-.]

ufar-hafnan (35), wv. (194), to exalt one's self.

ufar-hamôn, wv. (190), to put on clothes over, be clothed upon, w. (instr.) dat.; II. Cor. V, 2.

ufar-ist, 3d pers. sg. prs. ind. of ufarwisan.

ufarô, (1) adv. (211, n. 1), abuv, thereon. (2) uzed as prep. (217), (a) w. gen., upon, abuv; (b) w. dat., over, abuv; Lu. II, 8. [< uf + compar. suff. -ar + adv. suff. -ô. Cf. OHG. obaro, MHG. obere, NHG. ober(e), upper.]

ufar-skadwjan (14, n. 1), wv. (188), to overshadow.

ufar-steigan, stv. (172, n. 1), to mount over, grow higher, grow up; Mk. IV, 7.

ufar-swaran, stv. (177, n. 1), to overswear, forswear; Mt. V, 33.

ufar-wisan, stv. (176, n. 1), to be over, exceed, abound; II. Cor. III, 9.

uf-bauljan (24, n. 1), wv. (187), to pul up, blow up, be highminded.

uf-blêsan, rv. (179, n. 1), to blow up, puf up.

uf-brinnan, stv. (174, n. 1), to burn up, scorch, (intr.); Mk. IV, 6.

uf-graban (56, n. 1), stv. (177, n. 1), to dig up, dig after, dig thru; Mt. VI, 19. 20.

uf-hausjan, wv. (187), to listen with submission, to obey, be subject to, w. dat.; Mt. VI, 24. Lu. II, 51; —uf-h. in allamma, to be obedient in all (things); II. Cor. II, 9.

uf-hrôpjan, wv. (188), to cry out, cry; Mk. I, 23. w. (instr.) dat.; Mk. I, 26.

uf-kunnan, wv. (prt. ufkunþa, onse ufkunnaida; 199 and n. 1), to recognize, acknowledge, know, (1) abs.; II. Cor. I, 13 (second). (2) w. acc. of th.; II. Cor. I, 13 (first); and an interr. sentence; II. Cor. II, 9; or in w. dat.; Mk. V, 30. (3) w. acc. of pers. and bi w. dat.; II. Cor. V, 16. (4) w. þatei and ana w. dat.; Mk. V, 29; or (loc.) dat.; Mk. II, 8.

uf-rakjan, wv. (188), to strech out, strech forth, put forth, w. acc.; Mk. I, 41. III, 5.

ufta, adv. (214, n. 1), oft, often; Mk. V, 4. [Cf. OE. oft, ME. oft, extended ofte, often, NE. oft, often.]

uf-þanjan, wv. (187), to strech.

uf-wôpjan (63, n. 1), wv. (187), to cry out.

-uh, -h (the h being frequently assimilated to the initial consonant of a follg. word; 24, n. 2; 62, ns. 3 and 4), enclitic particl (218), but, and, now, therefore; Mk. II, 11. V, 41; inuh þis, on this account; II. Cor. II, 8. IV, 16. V, 9. – With prns. and other particls it often ads intensity to the signification; s. andizuh, duhþê (s. duþê), (ƕanuh), nih, nuh, sah, sumzuh (= sums-uh), (swah), þaþrô-h, þanuh, þaruh, þau-h. – Modifications by means of -uh (164 et seq.) ar seen in ƕarjizuh, ƕaþaruh, ƕazuh, ƕêh, þisƕaduh, þisƕaruh. – For uh þan (or uþ þan), s. þan.

ûhteigô (15, n. 3), adv. (211), in season, at a fit time. [< ûhteigs +-suff. -ô.]

ûhteigs, ûhtiugs (15; 19), adj. (124), in season, at leisure for. [< ûht- (s. ûhtwô) + suff. -eiga-, -iuga-.]

ûhtwô (15), f. (112), daybreak, dawn; áir ûhtwôn, before daybreak; Mk. I, 35. [< *unhtwô-, – twô-n-being suff. (cp. Brgm. III, § 61). OE. ûhte (ûht-, in cpds.), n., ME. uhte, dawn.]

ulbandus, m. (? 105), camel; Mk. I, 6. [< Lt. elephantus < ἐλέφαντ-, stem of ἐλέφας, elefant, < Hebr. aleph, eleph, ox.]

un-, inseparabl particl, in meaning = our un-, in-, dis-, -less. [OE. ME. un-, NE. un-.]

un-agands (35), ptc. adj. (202, n. 2), not fearing, fearless. [-agands, inf. *agan, stv., prt. *ôg; s. ôgjan.]

un-and-huliþs, ptc. adj. (134), not uncuverd; II. Cor. III, 14.

un-and-sôks (35), adj. (130, n. 2), irrefutabl. [-sôks < √ of sakan (prt. sôk).]

und, prep. (217), (1) w. dat., in return for, for; Mt. V, 38. (2) w. acc., denoting 'direction toward', or 'the point' or 'goal at which anything, in its direction, arrives', unto, to, until, as far as, up to, down to, (a) of space; Lu. II, 15; (b) of time; II. Cor. I, 13. III, 14. 15; —und þatei (218), til, until, as long as, while; Mt. V, 18. 25. Mk. II, 19; (c) of degree; und filu mais, so much the more, much more; II. Cor. III, 9. 11. [OE. un- (for *und; s. Sk., unto), ME. un-, NE. un- (as in unto, until).]

undar, prep. w. acc. (217), under; Mk. IV, 21. [< und + compar. suff. -ar. OE. ME. under, NE. under.]

undarô, adv. (211, n. 1), below, beneath; uzed as prep. w. dat. (217), under. [< undar + adv. suff. -ô.]

und-greipan, stv. (172), to gripe, seiz, take, lay hold on, w. acc.; Mk. I, 31.

un-fáurs, adj. (130), not wel-behaved (for φλύαρος, tatler).

un-frôþs (35; 74, n. 4), adj. (124, n. 2), unwise, foolish.

un-ga-hôbains (35), f. (103, n. 1), incontinency. [gahôbains < gahaban (w. ô-abl) + suff. -ai-ni-.]

un-ga-laubjands, ptc. adj. (133), unbelieving; II. Cor. IV, 4.

un-ga-saíƕans, ptc. adj. (134), not seen, invisibl; II. Cor. IV, 4. 18. [OHG. ungesehan, MHG. NHG. ungesehen, not seen.]

un-handu-waúrhts, ptc. adj. (124), not wrought by hand, not made with hands; II. Cor. V, 1. [-handu-waúrhts < stem of handus + pp. of waúrkjan.]

un-hrains, adj. (130), unclean; Mk. I, 23. 25. 26. 27. III, 11. 30. V, 2. 8. 13. [OHG. un-(h)reini, MHG. unreine, NHG. unrein, adj., unclean.]

un-hulþô, f. (112), evil spirit, unclean spirit, devil; Mk. I, 32. 34. 39. III, 15. 22. V, 12. [Prop. weak form of the adj. *unhulþs (< un- + hulþs, gracious, = OE. ME. hold, OHG. hold, MHG. holt (-d-), NHG. hold, adj., gracious, affectionate) = OE. ME. OHG. unhold, MHG. unholt (-d-), adj., ungracious, hostil, NHG. unhold, adj., disaffectionate, ungracious. OHG. unholdâ, MHG. unholde, f., fiend, sorceress, wich.]