Лексика английского языка для повседневного общения. Лексика, которую используют в жизни

© Джонас Тичерман, 2026

ISBN 978-5-0070-4254-3

Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero

Введение

Данное пособие представляет собой структурированный материал для изучения лексики английского языка, используемой в повседневном общении. Основная цель книги заключается в формировании и расширении словарного запаса, а также в развитии навыков использования устойчивых выражений и речевых моделей в типичных жизненных ситуациях.

Материал организован по тематическому принципу. Каждая глава посвящена отдельной теме, связанной с повседневной жизнью, социальной и бытовой коммуникацией. Такой подход позволяет изучать лексику в контексте, что способствует более эффективному её усвоению и последующему применению в речи.

Каждая глава включает связный текст, выполненный на уровне A2, список ключевой лексики с переводом на русский язык, речевые шаблоны, а также практические задания для закрепления материала. Особое внимание уделяется устойчивым выражениям и коллокациям, которые широко используются в реальной речи носителей языка.

Также в пособии предусмотрены упражнения на развитие продуктивных навыков. Они направлены на формирование способности самостоятельно строить высказывания на английском языке, используя изученную лексику и грамматические конструкции. Это способствует переходу от пассивного знания слов к активному их применению.

Данное пособие может быть использовано для самостоятельного изучения, а также в качестве дополнительного материала в рамках учебного процесса. Оно ориентировано на учащихся, владеющих английским языком на начальном уровне и стремящихся улучшить навыки повседневного общения.

Daily routine — Повседневный распорядок дня

Text

Every person has a daily routine, even if it is not exactly the same every day. My typical day starts in the morning when my alarm clock rings at 7 a.m. I usually feel a little sleepy, but I get up because I know I need to start the day. I open the window to get some fresh air and then I go to the bathroom to wash my face and brush my teeth.

After that, I get dressed. I usually choose comfortable clothes because I want to feel relaxed during the day. Then I go to the kitchen to prepare breakfast. I often eat something simple like eggs, toast, or cereal. While I am eating, I sometimes check my phone to read messages or look at the news, but I try not to spend too much time on it.

At around 8 a.m., I start working or studying. If I have online classes, I turn on my computer and join the lesson. If I am working, I usually make a to-do list, so I know what I need to do during the day. This helps me stay organized and not forget important tasks.

In the middle of the day, I take a short break. I usually drink tea or coffee and sometimes go for a short walk. This is important because it helps me relax my mind and feel more energetic. After the break, I continue working or studying.

At lunchtime, I eat something light. I don’t always cook a big meal, so I sometimes make a sandwich or reheat food from yesterday. Although I try to eat healthy food, I sometimes eat fast food when I don’t have enough time.

In the afternoon, I continue my tasks. Sometimes I have meetings or homework, so I stay busy. I try to finish everything before evening because I like to relax later in the day.

In the evening, I usually finish work and spend time doing things I enjoy. I might watch a movie, listen to music, or talk to my friends. I also like to check social media, but I try not to spend too much time scrolling.

Before going to bed, I do some small evening routines. I wash my face, prepare my clothes for the next day, and sometimes read a book. I think reading is a good habit because it helps me relax and learn new things.

Finally, I go to bed at around 11 p.m. I try to sleep well because I know that good sleep is important for my health and energy. Although not every day is exactly the same, I try to keep a stable routine because it helps me feel balanced and productive.

Key Vocabulary and Expressions

alarm clock — будильник

get up — вставать

wash my face — умываться

brush my teeth — чистить зубы

get dressed — одеваться

comfortable clothes — удобная одежда

prepare breakfast — готовить завтрак

check my phone — проверять телефон

to-do list — список дел

stay organized — оставаться организованным

take a break — делать перерыв

feel energetic — чувствовать энергию

light meal — лёгкая еда

heat up food — разогревать еду

stay busy — быть занятым

relax my mind — расслабить ум

scroll social media — листать соцсети

evening routine — вечерний распорядок

go to bed — ложиться спать

good habit — хорошая привычка

stable routine — стабильный распорядок

Useful Patterns

I usually + verb — Я обычно + глагол

I try to + verb — Я стараюсь + глагол

I sometimes + verb — Я иногда + глагол

I like to + verb — Мне нравится + глагол

I don’t always + verb — Я не всегда + глагол

This helps me + verb — Это помогает мне + глагол

Although I…, I still… — Хотя я…, я всё равно…

Because it helps me + verb — Потому что это помогает мне + глагол

When I…, I feel… — Когда я…, я чувствую…

It makes me + adjective — Это делает меня + прилагательное

Practice: Answer the Questions

1. What time do you usually get up?

Model answer:

I usually get up at 7 a.m. when my alarm clock rings. I try to get up quickly because it helps me feel more awake and start my day in a good way.

2. What do you usually do first in the morning?

Model answer:

First, I wash my face and brush my teeth. This helps me feel fresh and ready for the day.

3. Do you eat breakfast every day?

Model answer:

Yes, I usually eat breakfast. I often eat something simple like eggs or toast because it gives me energy for the morning.

4. What do you do during the day?

Model answer:

During the day, I work or study and follow my to-do list. This helps me stay organized and not forget important tasks.

5. What do you do in the evening?

Model answer:

In the evening, I usually relax. I watch movies or listen to music because it helps me relax my mind after a busy day.

Expand Your Answer

Try to give a longer answer. Use at least 2—3 expressions from the vocabulary list and add one reason or example.

Example:

I usually follow a stable routine because it helps me stay organized. For example, I make a to-do list every morning and take breaks during the day so I can relax my mind and stay focused.

Practice: Complete the Sentences

I usually wake up when my __________ clock rings.

I try to __________ up quickly in the morning.

I make a __________ list to plan my day.

I take a short __________ during the day.

Before bed, I follow my evening __________.

Morning habits — Утренние привычки

Text

Morning habits are very important because they set the mood for the whole day. I try to start my mornings in a calm and positive way, although sometimes it is not easy when I feel tired or when I go to bed late.

Usually, I wake up at 7 a.m. when my alarm clock rings. I don’t like to stay in bed for too long because it makes me feel lazy. So I try to get up quickly and start moving. The first thing I do is open the curtains to let in natural light. This helps me feel more awake.

After that, I go to the bathroom. I wash my face with cold water because it helps me wake up faster. Then I brush my teeth and look at myself in the mirror. It is a small routine, but it helps me feel ready for the day.

Next, I usually drink a glass of water. This is a simple habit, but it is very useful because my body needs water after sleep. I feel more refreshed and energetic after it.

After that, I get dressed. I usually choose comfortable clothes, but if I have an important meeting or class, I try to dress more neatly. I think appearance matters because it affects confidence.

Then I go to the kitchen and prepare breakfast. I don’t always eat a big meal in the morning, but I try to eat something. For example, I often eat toast, eggs, or yogurt. Sometimes I also drink tea or coffee. Coffee helps me feel more energetic, especially on busy mornings.

While eating breakfast, I sometimes check my phone. I read messages or look at the weather. However, I try not to spend too much time on my phone because it can distract me from starting the day properly.

Before starting work or studying, I often plan my day. I make a small to-do list and think about what is most important. This habit helps me stay organized and feel in control. It also reduces stress during the day.

Sometimes I also do a short activity in the morning, like stretching or taking a short walk. It helps my body wake up and improves my mood. Even a few minutes can make a big difference.

In general, my morning habits are simple, but they are very useful for me. When I follow my routine, I feel more productive and focused. When I don’t, my day feels more chaotic. That is why I try to keep my morning routine consistent, even on weekends.

Key Vocabulary and Expressions

morning habits — утренние привычки

set the mood — задавать настроение

feel tired — чувствовать усталость

get up quickly — быстро вставать

open the curtains — открывать шторы

natural light — естественный свет

feel awake — чувствовать себя бодрым

wash my face — умываться

brush my teeth — чистить зубы

glass of water — стакан воды

feel refreshed — чувствовать себя свежим

get dressed — одеваться

dress neatly — одеваться аккуратно

appearance matters — внешний вид важен

feel energetic — чувствовать энергию

busy morning — занятое утро

check my phone — проверять телефон

look at the weather — смотреть погоду

to-do list — список дел

stay organized — оставаться организованным

in control — под контролем

stretch my body — разминать тело

improve my mood — улучшать настроение

consistent routine — стабильный распорядок

Useful Patterns

I usually + verb — Я обычно + глагол

I try to + verb — Я стараюсь + глагол

I sometimes + verb — Я иногда + глагол

I don’t always + verb — Я не всегда + глагол

This helps me + verb — Это помогает мне + глагол

It makes me + adjective — Это делает меня + прилагательное

Although I…, I still… — Хотя я…, я всё равно…

When I…, I feel… — Когда я…, я чувствую…

Because it helps me + verb — Потому что это помогает мне + глагол

It is important to + verb — Важно + глагол

Practice: Answer the Questions

1. What time do you usually wake up?

Model answer:

I usually wake up at 7 a.m. when my alarm clock rings. I try to get up quickly because it helps me feel more awake and start my day in a good way.

2. What is the first thing you do in the morning?

Model answer:

The first thing I do is open the curtains and wash my face. This helps me feel refreshed and ready for the day.

3. Do you drink water in the morning?

Model answer:

Yes, I usually drink a glass of water in the morning. It is a simple habit, but it helps me feel more energetic and healthy.

4. Do you use your phone in the morning?

Model answer:

Yes, sometimes I check my phone to read messages or look at the weather. However, I try not to spend too much time on it.

5. Why are morning habits important?

Model answer:

Morning habits are important because they set the mood for the day. When I follow my routine, I feel more organized and productive.

Expand Your Answer

Try to give a longer answer. Use at least 2—3 expressions from the vocabulary list and add one reason or example.

Example:

I usually follow a consistent routine in the morning because it helps me stay organized. For example, I always drink a glass of water and make a to-do list to feel in control and start the day better.

Practice: Complete the Sentences

I usually feel more __________ after I wash my face in the morning.

I open the curtains to let in __________ light.

I make a __________ list to plan my day.

I try to dress __________ before leaving home.

A good morning routine can improve my __________.

Evening routine — Вечерний распорядок

Text

Evening routine is very important because it helps me relax after a busy day and get ready for good sleep. My evenings are usually calm, but sometimes they can be a bit different if I have a lot of tasks or meetings.

After finishing work or studying, I try to disconnect from all responsibilities. I usually close my laptop, put my phone aside, and take a short break. This helps me feel that the working day is really over and I can switch to rest mode.

First, I often clean my room a little. I don’t do a deep cleaning every day, but I like to keep my space tidy because it helps me feel more comfortable and relaxed. A clean environment always improves my mood.

Then I prepare dinner or heat up food. I usually don’t cook something complicated in the evening because I am already tired. So I prefer something simple like soup, pasta, or a sandwich. Although it is a light meal, it is enough for me at night.

While eating dinner, I sometimes watch videos or listen to music. It helps me relax my mind after a long day. However, I try not to spend too much time on my phone or TV because I want to sleep better later.

After dinner, I usually take some time for myself. I might read a book, take a warm shower, or just sit quietly. Reading is a good habit because it helps me calm down and focus on something peaceful.

Later in the evening, I prepare for the next day. I choose my clothes, check my schedule, and sometimes write a short to-do list. This small routine helps me feel more organized and reduces stress in the morning.

Sometimes I also reflect on my day. I think about what I did well and what I can improve. This helps me understand my habits better and become more productive over time.

Before going to bed, I try to avoid bright screens. I usually dim the lights, wash my face, and prepare my room for sleep. A quiet and calm environment helps me fall asleep faster.

Finally, I go to bed at around 11 p.m. I try to sleep enough because good sleep is very important for my energy and health. Although every day is not perfect, I try to keep a stable evening routine because it helps me end the day in a peaceful way.

Key Vocabulary and Expressions

evening routine — вечерний распорядок

busy day — занятый день

disconnect from work — отключиться от работы

take a break — делать перерыв

put phone aside — убрать телефон

tidy room — убрать комнату

clean environment — чистая среда

improve my mood — улучшать настроение

heat up food — разогревать еду

light meal — лёгкая еда

relax my mind — расслабить ум

spend time for myself — проводить время для себя

warm shower — тёплый душ

calm down — успокоиться

prepare for the next day — готовиться к следующему дню

schedule — расписание

to-do list — список дел

reflect on the day — размышлять о дне

bright screens — яркие экраны

fall asleep — засыпать

stable routine — стабильный распорядок

Useful Patterns

I usually + verb — Я обычно + глагол

I try to + verb — Я стараюсь + глагол

I sometimes + verb — Я иногда + глагол

I like to + verb — Мне нравится + глагол

I don’t always + verb — Я не всегда + глагол

This helps me + verb — Это помогает мне + глагол

It makes me + adjective — Это делает меня + прилагательное

Although I…, I still… — Хотя я…, я всё равно…

When I…, I feel… — Когда я…, я чувствую…

Because it helps me + verb — Потому что это помогает мне + глагол

Practice: Answer the Questions

1. What do you usually do after work or study?

Model answer:

I usually disconnect from work and take a short break. I close my laptop and put my phone aside because I want to relax after a busy day.

2. Do you clean your room in the evening?

Model answer:

Yes, I sometimes tidy my room in the evening. A clean environment helps me feel more comfortable and improves my mood.

3. What do you eat for dinner?

Model answer:

I usually eat a light meal like pasta, soup, or a sandwich. I prefer simple food because I am often tired in the evening.

4. Do you use your phone or watch TV at night?

Model answer:

Yes, sometimes I watch videos or use my phone, but I try not to spend too much time on screens because I want to sleep better.

5. Why is an evening routine important?

Model answer:

An evening routine is important because it helps me relax my mind and prepare for sleep. It also helps me end the day in a calm way.

Expand Your Answer

Try to give a longer answer. Use at least 2—3 expressions from the vocabulary list and add one reason or example.

Example:

I usually follow a stable evening routine because it helps me relax my mind. For example, I always take a warm shower and reflect on my day before going to bed, so I feel calm and organized.

Practice: Complete the Sentences

After a busy day, I need to __________ from work.

I usually eat a __________ meal in the evening.

A clean room helps me improve my __________.

I sometimes __________ on my day before bed.

A good evening routine helps me __________ asleep faster.

At the supermarket — В супермаркете

Text

Going to the supermarket is a regular part of daily life. Most people go shopping several times a week to buy food and other things they need at home. I usually go to the supermarket in the evening or on weekends when I have more free time.

Before I go shopping, I often make a shopping list. This helps me remember what I need and avoid buying unnecessary things. Sometimes I still buy extra items, especially when I see discounts or special offers, but a list helps me stay more organized.

When I arrive at the supermarket, I take a shopping cart or a basket. If I plan to buy many things, I choose a cart, but if I only need a few items, I take a basket. Then I start walking through the aisles and looking for the products on my list.

I usually begin with fruits and vegetables. I try to choose fresh products, so I check how they look and sometimes smell them. After that, I go to the dairy section to buy milk, cheese, or yogurt. Then I visit other sections like bread, meat, and frozen food.

While shopping, I often compare prices. Some products are more expensive than others, so I look for good quality at a reasonable price. Sometimes I choose store brands because they are cheaper, but still good.

I also pay attention to expiration dates. It is important to check them, especially for dairy products and meat. I don’t want to buy something that will go bad soon.

Sometimes I buy snacks or something sweet, although I try not to do it too often. Supermarkets often place these products near the checkout, so it is easy to take them without thinking.

When I finish shopping, I go to the checkout. I put my items on the conveyor belt and wait for the cashier. Sometimes there are long lines, so I need to be patient. While waiting, I sometimes check my phone or look around.

At the checkout, I pay for my groceries. I can pay by card or in cash. After that, I pack my bags and leave the supermarket.

When I get home, I unpack everything and put the products in the fridge or cupboards. I feel satisfied because I have everything I need for the next few days.

In general, going to the supermarket is a simple activity, but it requires attention and planning. When I shop carefully, I save money and avoid stress later.

Key Vocabulary and Expressions

supermarket — супермаркет

shopping list — список покупок

avoid unnecessary things — избегать лишних покупок

special offer — специальное предложение

shopping cart — тележка

basket — корзина

aisle — проход (в магазине)

fresh products — свежие продукты

dairy section — молочный отдел

frozen food — замороженные продукты

compare prices — сравнивать цены

reasonable price — разумная цена

store brand — магазинный бренд

expiration date — срок годности

go bad — испортиться

snacks — закуски

checkout — касса

conveyor belt — лента на кассе

cashier — кассир

long line — длинная очередь

pay in cash — платить наличными

pay by card — платить картой

groceries — продукты

unpack groceries — разбирать покупки

Useful Patterns

I usually + verb — Я обычно + глагол

I try to + verb — Я стараюсь + глагол

I sometimes + verb — Я иногда + глагол

I don’t always + verb — Я не всегда + глагол

This helps me + verb — Это помогает мне + глагол

It is important to + verb — Важно + глагол

I prefer + noun/verb — Я предпочитаю

Because it helps me + verb — Потому что это помогает мне + глагол

When I…, I… — Когда я…, я…

I need to + verb — Мне нужно + глагол

Practice: Answer the Questions

1. How often do you go to the supermarket?

Model answer: